Il grande mito

1. Soros G., The Crisis of Global Capitalism: Open Society Endangered, Public Affairs, Londra 1998; Soros G., “The Capitalist Threat”, Atlantic, febbraio 1997, https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/1997/02/the-capitalist-threat/376773/; Block F., Somers M.R., The Power of Market Fundamentalism: Karl Polanyi’s Critique, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA, 2014, 3

2. Oreskes N., Conway E.M., Merchants of Doubt: How a Handful of Scientists Obscured the Truth on Issues from Tobacco Smoke to Global Warming, Bloomsbury, New York 2011, 249 (ed. italiana Mercanti di dubbi, Edizioni Ambiente, Milano 2025)

3. Singer F., Jeffreys K., The EPA and the Science of Environmental Tobacco Smoke, Alexis De Tocqueville Institution, University of Virginia, 1994, Bates Number TICT0002555, Legacy Tobacco Documents Library, http://www.legacy.library.ucsf.edu, citato in Oreskes N., Conway E.M., Merchants of Doubt, cit., 249

4. Soros G., “The Capitalist Threat”, cit.

5. Smith A., The Wealth of Nations, Strahan & Adeli, Londra 1776, citato in Judt T., Ill Fares the Land, Penguin Books, Londra 2011

6. Carter Z.D., “The End of Friedmanomics”, New Republic, 17 giugno 2021, https://newrepublic.com/article/162623/milton-friedman-legacy-biden-government-spending; Friedman M., “The Fragility of Freedom”, in Feldberg M., Jowell K., Mulholland S. (a cura di), Milton Friedman in South Africa, Graduate school of business of the University of Cape Town, Cape Town-Johannesburg 1976, 3-10

7. Come ha dimostrato la storica Ruth Schwartz Cowan (More Work for Mother: The Ironies of Household Technology from the Open Hearth to the Microwave, Basic Books, New York 1983), gli elettrodomestici che consentivano un risparmio di manodopera spesso non alleviavano davvero il lavoro femminile (netto), dato che facevano aumentare le aspettative di pulizia della casa.

8. von Hayek M., The Road to Serfdom, University of Chicago Press, Chicago 1944

9. Beck G., “Glenn Beck – 6/8/2010 – The Road to Serfdom”, Youtube, 9 marzo 2012, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CMk5_4pBlfM; Beck G., “The Road to Serfdom”, Fox News, 25 marzo 2015, https://www.foxnews.com/story/the-road-to-serfdom; Hannan D., The New Road to Serfdom: A Letter of Warning to America, 1^a ed., Harper, New York 2010; Harcourt B., “How Paul Ryan Enslaves Friedrich Hayek’s The Road to Serfdom”, The Guardian, 12 settembre 2012, http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2012/sep/12/paul-ryan-enslaves-friedrich-hayek-road-serfdom; Limbaugh R., “Rush Limbaugh on Brooks, Hayek & Obama”, Taking Hayek Seriously (blog), 25 febbraio 2009, consultato il 23 marzo 2022, http://hayekcenter.org/?p=360

10. Mirowski P., Plehwe D. (a cura di), The Road from Mont Pèlerin: The Making of the Neoliberal Thought Collective, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA 2009; Wall W.L., Inventing the “American Way”: The Politics of Consensus from the New Deal to the Civil Rights Movement, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2008; Phillips-Fein K., Invisible Hands: The Businessmen’s Crusade Against the New Deal, W. W. Norton, New York 2010; Perelman M., Railroading Economics: The Creation of the Free Market Mythology, Monthly Review Press, New York 2006; Posner R.A., A Failure of Capitalism: The Crisis of ‘08 and the Descent into Depression, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA 2009; Mazzucato M., The Entrepreneurial State: Debunking Public vs. Private Sector Myths, Anthem Press, Londra 2015; Woods N., “The Case Against Free-Market Capitalism”, Project Syndicate, 12 ottobre 2017, https://www.project-syndicate.org/commentary/free-market-capitalism-neoliberalism-debate-by-ngaire-woods-2017-10

11. Friedman M., Capitalism and Freedom, University of Chicago Press, 1962

12. Rowen H., “Free-Market Proponent at the University of Chicago”, Washington Post, 21 ottobre 1982, https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/business/1982/10/21/free-market-proponent-at-university-of-chicago/37c6b377-5d6c-41c4-9ed6-38a18f2777ee/

13. A giugno del 2021, per esempio, un giudice federale respinse una denuncia del Dipartimento di Giustizia contro Facebook per motivi che riprendevano molte delle argomentazioni di Bork (si veda il cap. 9); Kang C., “Judge Throws Out 2 Antitrust Cases Against Facebook”, New York Times, 28 giugno 2021, https://www.nytimes.com/2021/06/28/technology/facebook-ftc-lawsuit.html

14. Kruse K.M., One Nation Under God: How Corporate America Invented Christian America, Basic Books, New York 2015, 11-34

15. Blair G., “How Norman Vincent Peale Taught Donald Trump to Worship Himself”, Politico, 6 ottobre 2015, www.politico.com/magazine/story/2015/10/donald-trump-2016-norman-vincent-peale-213220/

16. Rubin H., “Ayn Rand’s Literature on Capitalism”, New York Times, 15 settembre 2007, https://www.nytimes.com/2007/09/15/business/15atlas.html

17. Fee: Foundation for economic education, “Ayn Rand”, consultato il 12 maggio 2022, https://fee.org/people/ayn-rand/

18. Rubin H., “Ayn Rand’s Literature on Capitalism”, cit.

19. Ibidem

20. Libertarianism.org (Cato institute), “Everything Wrong with the Reagan Administration”, 9 aprile 2019, https://www.libertarianism.org/everything-wrong-presidents/everything-wrong-reagan-administration

21. Mayer J., Dark Money: The Hidden History of the Billionaires Behind the Rise of the Radical Right, 1^a ed., Anchor, New York 2016; Medvetz T., Think Tanks in America, University of Chicago Press, Chicago 2012; Covington S., “Moving a Public Policy Agenda: The Strategic Philanthropy of Conservative Foundations”, National committee for responsive philanthropy, 23 luglio 1997, consultato il 12 luglio 2021, https://www.ncrp.org/publication/moving-public-policy-agenda; Callahan D., “$ 1 Billion for Ideas: Conservative Think Tanks in the 1990s”, National committee for responsive philanthropy, 18 marzo 1999, consultato il 12 luglio 2021, https://www.ncrp.org/publication/1-billion-ideas; Krehely J., House M., Kernan E., “Axis of Ideology: Conservative Foundations and Public Policy”, National committee for responsive philanthropy, marzo 2004, consultato il 12 luglio 2021, https://www.ncrp.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/AxisofIdeology.pdf

22. National association of manufacturers records, “Survey: What the Factory Worker thinks about Free Enterprise (A Survey)”, Folder: What the Factory Worker thinks about Free Enterprise, Box 847, Series III, accession 1411, Hagley museum and library, Wilmington, DE 19807

23. Reagan R., “Inaugural Address”, Washington, 20 gennaio 1981, https://www.reaganfoundation.org/ronald-reagan/reagan-quotes-speeches/inaugural-address-2/

24. Fa eccezione la nozione di efficienza di Pareto in economia, che mira a massimizzare il benessere netto; Public Reason 3, “Three Normative Models of the Welfare State”, no. 2, 2011, 13-43; Popp Berman E., Thinking Like an Economist: How Efficiency Replaced Equality in U.S. Public Policy, Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ 2022

25. Smith A., The Wealth of Nations, Strahan & Adeli, Londra 1776, in Judt T., Ill Fares the Land, cit.

26. Papa Francesco, Lettera enciclica “Laudato si’” sulla cura della casa comune, 24 maggio 2015, https://www.vatican.va/content/francesco/it/encyclicals/documents/papa-francesco_20150524_enciclica-laudato-si.html

27. Brooks D., “Fracking and the Franciscans”, New York Times, 23 giugno 2015, www.nytimes.com/2015/06/23/opinion/fracking-and-the-franciscans.html

28. Porter E., “Climate Change Calls for Science, Not Hope”, New York Times, 23 giugno 2015, https://www.nytimes.com/2015/06/24/business/combating-climate-change-with-science-rather-than-hope

29. Aldy J., citato in “A Blessing to Slow Climate Change”, Harvard Gazette, 18 giugno 2015, https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2015/06/a-blessing-to-slow-climate-change/

30. Klein N., This Changes Everything: Capitalism vs. The Climate, Simon & Schuster, New York 2014; Malm A., Fossil Capital: The Rise of Steam Power and the Roots of Global Warming, Verso Books, Londra 2016; Malm A., How to Blow Up a Pipeline: Learning to Fight in a World on Fire, Verso Books, Londra 2021

31. Worstall T., “Nick Stern Is Wrong; Climate Change Is Not the Largest Market Failure the World Has Ever Seen”, Forbes, 25 gennaio 2015, https://www.forbes.com/sites/timworstall/2015/01/25/nick-stern-is-wrong-climate-change-is-not-the-largest-market-failure-the-world-has-ever-seen/

32. Olovsson C., “The CO₂ Market Failure: It’s Free to Emit but Has Costly Consequences”, LSE Business Review, 15 ottobre 2020, https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/businessreview/2020/10/15/the-co2-market-failure-its-free-to-emit-but-has-costly-consequences/

33. Wolf E.R., Pathways of Power: Building an Anthropology of the Modern World, University of California Press, Berkeley-Los Angeles 2001, 385; Wolf E.R., “Distinguished Lecture: Facing Power – Old Insights, New Questions”, American Anthropologist 92, no. 3, settembre 1990, 586-596

34. Mitchell T., nel suo Carbon Democracy: Political Power in the Age of Oil, Verso Books, Londra e New York 2013, sostiene che la nozione di “economia” emerge solo nel XX secolo. La Ftc istituì per la prima volta una divisione economica nel 1915 (Popp Berman E., cit.). L’amministrazione Hoover fu la prima a raccogliere sistematicamente il genere di dati utilizzabile per analizzare l’economia come la intendiamo oggi.